# #SWDchallenge: Graph makeover

At storytelling with data, they run a monthly challenge on data visualization named #SWDchallenge. The main idea of the challenges is to test data visualization and storytelling skills.

Each month the challenge has a different topic. This month the challenge was to improve an existing graph. I decided to take a previous graph of mine that was published on a paper that was published on 2015.

## The "original"

The following is the graph that we are going to start with.

This is not the exact same graph that was presented in the article on 2015, but it serves the purpose of the challenge. The data can be downloaded from here. This graph present the fraction of energy ($\eta$) transmitted for helical composites with different geometrical parameters. The parameters varied were:

• Pitch angle $\alpha$: the angle between consecutive layers;
• Composite thickness $D$, that is normalized to the wavelength $\lambda$; and
• Number of layers $N$ in each cell of the composite.

The following schematic illustrate these parameters.

I would not say that the graph is awful, and, in comparison to what you would find in most scientific literature it is even good. But … in the land of the blind, the one-eyed is king. So, let's enumerate what are the sins of the plot and see if we can correct them:

• It has two x axes.
• The legend is enclosed in a box that seems unnecessary.
• Right and top spines are not contributing to the plot.
• Annotations are stealing protagonism from the data.
• It looks clutterd with lines and markers.
• It is a spaghetti graph.

The following snippet generates this graph.

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rcParams

rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
rcParams['font.size'] = 16
rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = 15
rcParams['mathtext.fontset'] = 'cm'

markers = ['o', '^', 'v', 's', '<', '>', 'd', '*', 'x', 'D', '+', 'H']
usecols=range(1, 9))
labels = labels[0, :]

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.subplot(111)
for cont in range(8):
plt.plot(data[:, 0], data[:, cont + 1], marker=markers[cont],
label=r"$D/\lambda={:.3g}$".format(labels[cont]))

# First x-axis
xticks, xlabels = plt.xticks()
plt.xlabel(r"Number of layers - $N$", size=15)
plt.ylabel(r"Fraction of Energy - $\eta$", size=15)
ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))

# Second x-axis
ax2 = ax.twiny()
ax2.set_xticks(xticks[2:])
ax2.set_xticklabels(180./xticks[2:])
plt.xlabel(r"Angle - $\alpha\ (^\circ)$", size=15)

plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("energy_vs_D_orig.svg")
plt.savefig("energy_vs_D_orig.png", dpi=300)


## Corrections

I will vindicate the graph one sin at a time, let's see how it turns out.

### It has two x axes

I, originally, added two axes to show both the number of layers and the angle between them at the same time. The general recommendation is to avoid this, so let's get rid of the top one.

### Legend in a box

Pretty straightforward …

### Right and top spines

Let's remove them

### Annotations are stealing protagonism

Let's move all the annotations to the background by changing the color to a lighter gray.

### Clutterd with lines and markers

Let's just keep the lines.

And increase the linewidth.

### It is a spaghetti graph

I think that a good option for this graph would be to highlight one line at a time. Doing this, we end up with.

The following snippet generates this version.

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rcParams

# Plots setup
gray = '#757575'
plt.rcParams["mathtext.fontset"] = "cm"
plt.rcParams["text.color"] = gray
plt.rcParams["xtick.color"] = gray
plt.rcParams["ytick.color"] = gray
plt.rcParams["axes.labelcolor"] = gray
plt.rcParams["axes.edgecolor"] = gray
plt.rcParams["axes.spines.right"] = False
plt.rcParams["axes.spines.top"] = False
rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
rcParams['mathtext.fontset'] = 'cm'

def line_plots(data, highlight_line, title):
plt.title(title)
for cont, datum in enumerate(data[:, 1:].T):
if cont == highlight_line:
plt.plot(data[:, 0], datum, zorder=3, color="#984ea3",
linewidth=2)
else:
plt.plot(data[:, 0], datum, zorder=2, color=gray,
linewidth=1, alpha=0.5)

usecols=range(1, 9))
labels = labels[0, :]

plt.close("all")
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4))
for cont in range(8):
ax = plt.subplot(2, 4, cont + 1)
title = r"$D/\lambda={:.3g}$".format(labels[cont])
line_plots(data, cont, title)
plt.ylim(0.4, 1.0)
if cont < 4:
plt.xlabel("")
ax.xaxis.set_ticks([])
ax.spines["bottom"].set_color("none")
else:
plt.xlabel(r"Number of layers - $N$")
if cont % 4 > 0:
ax.yaxis.set_ticks([])
ax.spines["left"].set_color("none")
else:
plt.ylabel(r"Fraction of Energy - $\eta$")

plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig("energy_vs_D_7.svg")
plt.savefig("energy_vs_D_7.png", dpi=300)


## Final tweaks

Using Inkscape I added some final details to get the following version.