Numerical methods challenge: Day 30
During October (2017) I will write a program per day for some well-known numerical methods in both Python and Julia. It is intended to be an exercise then don't expect the code to be good enough for real use. Also, I should mention that I have almost no experience with Julia, so it probably won't be idiomatic Julia but more Python-like Julia.
Conjugate gradient
Today we have the conjugate gradient method. This method is commonly used to solve positive-definite linear systems of equations. Compared with gradient descent, we choose as descent direction a direction that is conjugated with the residual, that is, it is orthogonal with the matrix as weighting.
Following are the codes
Python
from __future__ import division, print_function import numpy as np def conj_grad(A, b, x, tol=1e-8): r = b - A.dot(x) p = r rsq_old = r.dot(r) for cont in range(len(b)): Ap = A.dot(p) alpha = rsq_old / p.dot(Ap) x = x + alpha*p r = r - alpha*Ap rsq_new = r.dot(r) if np.sqrt(rsq_new) < tol: break p = r + (rsq_new / rsq_old) * p rsq_old = rsq_new return x, cont, np.sqrt(rsq_new) N = 1000 A = -np.diag(2*np.ones(N)) + np.diag(np.ones(N-1), -1) +\ np.diag(np.ones(N-1), 1) b = np.ones(N) x0 = np.ones(N) x, niter, accu = conj_grad(A, b, x0)
Julia
function conj_grad(A, b, x; tol=1e-8) r = b - A * x p = r rsq_old = dot(r, r) niter = 1 for cont = 1:length(b) Ap = A * p alpha = rsq_old / dot(p, Ap) x = x + alpha*p r = r - alpha*Ap rsq_new = dot(r, r) if sqrt(rsq_new) < tol break end p = r + (rsq_new / rsq_old) * p rsq_old = rsq_new niter += 1 end return x, niter, norm(r) end N = 1000 A = -diagm(2*ones(N)) + diagm(ones(N-1), -1) + diagm(ones(N-1), 1) b = ones(N) x0 = ones(N) x, niter, accu = conj_grad(A, b, x0)
In this case, we are testing the method with a matrix that comes from the discretization of the second order derivative using finite differences.
Comparison Python/Julia
Regarding number of lines we have: 27 in Python and 27 in Julia. The comparison
in execution time is done with %timeit
magic command in IPython and
@benchmark
in Julia.
For Python:
with result
For Julia:
with result
BenchmarkTools.Trial: memory estimate: 27.13 MiB allocs estimate: 3501 -------------- minimum time: 128.477 ms (0.54% GC) median time: 294.407 ms (0.24% GC) mean time: 298.208 ms (0.30% GC) maximum time: 464.223 ms (0.30% GC) -------------- samples: 17 evals/sample: 1
In this case, we can say that the Python code is roughly 2 times faster than Julia code.
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